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Dopamine modulates behavioral measures of learning and pleasantness in a learning task guided by intrinsic reward, inducing long-term memory benefits specially in those participants with a high sensitivity to reward.

Greater connectivity of the descending pain modulatory system network in the infant brain is associated with lower pain-related brain activity.

Centromeric histones, the foundation for accurate chromosome segregation, have now been re-engineered to allow for analysis of the stoichiometry of required domains.

Conditional deletion of the DYT1 dystonia protein torsinA causes selective cell autonomous neurodegeneration of striatal and brainstem cholinergic neurons, and severe motor behavioral abnormalities.

Idiopathic patients along a complex motor neuron disease-dementia spectrum exhibit mRNA splicing changes that are due to multi-protein insolubility.

Using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, the study has explained the discriminator base anomaly in bacterial tRNA(Gly) through identification of the key determinant of DTD specificity.

The packaging signal in HIV-1 genomic RNA supports in vitro particle assembly more efficiently than control RNAs, probably explaining its selective packaging during virus assembly in vivo.

RIG-I Singleton-Merten syndrome mutations either mimic or freeze the protein in an ATP-bound state and lead to autoimmune signalling through a gain-of-function recognition of self-RNA.

The insect odorant receptor gene family evolved at the base of the class Insecta before the evolution of flight and perhaps as an adaptation to terrestriality, and was therefore an important evolutionary novelty for insects.

The small molecule, 147, is a pro-drug that preferentially activates ATF6 signaling through a mechanism involving localized metabolic activation and selective covalent modification of ER resident proteins involved in regulating ATF6 activity.