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Mobile genetic elements were identified and tracked as they exchanged between multidrug-resistant bacteria causing infections at a single hospital.

Scale-up of piped water coverage in the local community strongly protects against S. haematobium re-infection intensity among primary school-going children following treatment with praziquantel.

Cumulatively, from 1950 to 2015, smoking-related disease has been the biggest cause of premature death in high-income countries, with elevated risks of smoking continuing well into the 21^st century.

Bats' uniquely robust innate antiviral immune defenses select for faster transmitting viruses likely to generate extreme virulence upon spillover to secondary hosts with immune systems divergent from those of bat.

Even in the best-case scenario, screening for COVID-19 misses well over half of infected travellers.

Case-area targeted interventions conducted by rapid response teams appeared significantly effective to mitigate and shorten local cholera outbreaks in the Centre department of Haiti in 2015-2017.

Antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting can substantially reduce exposures of potential pathogens to common antibiotics, and complementary efforts are needed to reduce remaining exposures that occur in 'necessary' contexts.

Incorporating within-host diversity in transmission, as identified by deep sequencing, can significantly change previously-held inferences, with major implications for genomic studies of transmission in tuberculosis and other pathogens as well.

Biological ages have the potential to provide aging-related information beyond chronological age and can be predictive of mortality independently of both chronological age and different types of biological ages.

Taller body height in young adulthood, as marker of early-life environment, is associated with lower risk of dementia diagnosis independently of cognitive reserve and family factors shared among brothers.